What effect do these media representations have?
21% of teenage boys feel wary when they are on the street and 51% of them feel it is because of the media stories they hear about teenage boys.
- Hypodemic theory - Passive consumers. Media inject us with information and we believe whatever they say with out arguing about it. (Old theory that people dont believe anymore, people now tend to think that we are active consumers now. This theory may still apply to the older generation)
- Cultivation Theory - The more (frequent) criminal behaviour/violence we see on British TV the more likely we are to believe it is actually happening in real life.
- The copy cat Theory - You copy what you see on TV. If you see violence on TV you are going to copy it and behave in that way. This behaviour is glorified and therefore they think it is cool to do it.
- Moral Panic - Creating panic within society the more the media represents youths as being violent the more panic that occurs so that British youths are represented as being antagonists the government come in and can be seen as the heroes (protagonists) saving is from the violent youths.
- Whose perspective is dominant in each of the texts?
- What do the representations have in common?
- How are the representations different?
- How are parental figures represented?
- How important is social class?
What do you understand by contemporary British social realism?
- Social realist films attempt to portray issues facing ordinary people in their social situations
- Social realist films try to show that society and the capitalist system leads to exploitaion of the poor or dispossessed
- These groups are shown as victims of the system rather than being totally responsible for their own bad behaviour
- social realist genre (hand held camera - more real life like) aimed at predominantly british audience
- Who is being represented?
- who is representing them? (a lot of the violent stories revealed come from the police)
- how are they represeted?
- What seems to be the intentions of the representations? (what are they trying to make you feel)
- WHat is the dominant discourse/messages/values/beliefs? (world view offered by the film)
- What range of readings are there?
- Look for alternative discources
- The media contributes to our sense of 'collective identity' but there are many different versions that change over time.
- Representations can cause problems for the groups being represented because they have little control over how they are being represented/stereotyped.
- The social context of the film/TV programme influences messages/values/dominant discourse of the film.
Encoding and Decoding theory, 1980
- Encoding - institution that creates the codes, conventions to create a meaning.
- Decoding - The consumer taking the meanings in.
- Preferred Reading/Dominant Hegemonic - The audience interprets the messgae as the institution wanted us to understand it. We agree with the representation that is being shown, working with the institutions beliefs.
- Negotiated Reading - The audience will pick representations that they agree with but the bits the disagree with they will negotioate around them to come to their own conclusion at the end of the film.
- Oppositional Reading/'counter-hegemonic' view - They will argue with the film/media text and refuse to agree with the representations of that text, they completely disagree with the representations that the institution have produced.
- The thing itself
- The opinions of the people doing the representation
- The reaction of the4 individual to the representation
- The context of the society in which the representation is taking place
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